Humanizing Addiction Practice by Antoine Douaihy & H. Patrick Driscoll

Author:Antoine Douaihy & H. Patrick Driscoll
Language: eng
Format: epub
Publisher: Springer International Publishing, Cham

Relapse Prevention

The revolutionary work of Marlatt and his colleagues in the early 1970s [12] that led to the introduction of relapse prevention theory and model (RP) in the early 1980s challenged the prevailing disease model of addictions and provided a new paradigm for our understanding of the determinants of relapse. It formulated stronger, more hopeful evidence that loss of control as well as relapse (tenets of the disease model) need not be inevitable. Since loss of control does not have to be a binding outcome of taking a drink, it might be possible to prevent future drinking behaviors by modifying many malleable individual variables such as expectancies and environmental factors. This notion has major clinical implications and has evolved into bettering the distinction between a “lapse” (initial breaking of abstinence) and a “relapse” (going back to the unhealthy behavior following a lapse). These findings have challenged the need for total abstinence and introduced the development of harm reduction approaches incorporating relapse prevention strategies [42, 43]. Subsequent clinical observations and research findings identified situational and emotional factors that immediately precede relapse [44]. The resultant taxonomy of high-risk situations contributing to relapse consisted of two domains:The first domain, Intrapersonal Determinants , includes situations such as coping with negative emotional states; coping with physical discomfort; reinforcing positive emotional states; challenging one’s willpower using a substance; and giving in to urges and cravings to use substances;

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